The literature search for the assessment corpus was conducted using search terms provided by the experts and refined in co-operation with the Knowldge and Data task force. The search was conducted using OpenAlex, scripted from R to use the API. Search terms for the following searches were defined: Transformative Change, Nature / Environment and additional search terms for individual chapters and sub-chapters To assess the quality of the corpus, sets of key-papers were selected by the experts to verify if these are in the corpus. These key-papers were selected per chapter / sub-chapter to ensure that the corpus is representative of each chapter.
The following terminology is used in this document:
Individual corpus: The corpus resulting from one search term, e.g. transformative or nature or ChX_Y
Assessment Corpus: The corpus resulting from the search terms transformative AND nature
Chapter corpus: The corpus resulting from transformative AND Nature AND ChX_Y
The following searches are conducted on Title and Abstrat only as the availability of fulltext drops in 2020. OpenAlex did “inherit” fro Microsoft Academic their initial corpus in 2021 which contained a lot of fulltext for searches. After that time, other sources had to be used which did not include fulltext for searches. To eliminate this bias, we linit the search for terms in abstract and title only.
Here are the search terms used in this document. They were provided by the authors, and some adaptations were done by the tsu to adopt them for OpenAlex.
Transformative Change
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cat(params$s_1_transformative_change)
(
(
(
transformation
OR transition
OR transformative
OR "transformative change"
)
OR (
(
shift
OR change
)
AND (
fundamental
OR deep
OR radical
)
)
)
AND (
socio
OR social
OR politics
OR political
OR governance
OR economic
OR cultural
OR system
OR technological
OR inner
OR personal
OR financial
OR business
)
)
OR (
(
"transformative change"
OR "deliberate transformation"
OR "transformative turn"
OR transition
OR "social-ecological change"
OR "deep change"
OR "fundamental alteration"
OR "profound change"
OR "profound transformation"
OR "radical transformation"
OR "transformational change"
OR "complete change"
OR "complete transformation"
OR "drastic change"
OR "in-depth transformation"
OR "progressive change"
OR "radical alteration"
OR "radical change"
OR "revolutionary change"
OR "significant modification"
OR "total transformation"
OR transition
OR pathway
OR power
OR agency
OR scale
OR leverage
OR context
OR process
OR regime
OR shift
OR views
OR value
OR structure
OR institution
OR deliberate
OR structural
OR fundamental
OR system
OR deep
OR radical
OR profound
OR drastic
OR widespread
OR political
OR economical
OR structur
OR complete
OR progressive
OR revolutionary
OR substantial
OR significant
)
AND (
transformation
OR alteration
OR change
OR turn
OR action
OR transition
OR shift
)
)
Nature
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_nature_environment)
biodiversity
OR marine
OR terrestrial
OR forest
OR woodland
OR grassland
OR savanna
OR shrubland
OR peatland
OR ecosystem
OR lake
OR river
OR sea
OR ocean
OR meadow
OR heathland
OR mires
OR bog
OR tundra
OR biosphere
OR desert
OR mountain
OR "natural resource"
OR estuary
OR fjord
OR fauna
OR flora
OR soil
OR "coastal waters"
OR wetland
OR freshwater
OR marshland
OR marches
OR dryland
OR seascape
OR landscape
OR coast
OR "arable land"
OR "agricultural land"
OR "natural environment"
OR "environmental resource"
OR agroforest
OR "agro-forest"
OR plantation
OR "protected areas"
OR chaparral
OR sustainable
OR environment
OR conservation
OR ecosystem
OR nature
OR planet
OR Earth
OR biosphere
OR ecological
OR "socio-ecological"
OR restoration
OR wildlife
OR landscape
OR species
OR bioeconomy
OR "resource system"
OR "coupled system"
OR nature
Assessment Corpus
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_tca_corpus)
( biodiversity
OR marine
OR terrestrial
OR forest
OR woodland
OR grassland
OR savanna
OR shrubland
OR peatland
OR ecosystem
OR lake
OR river
OR sea
OR ocean
OR meadow
OR heathland
OR mires
OR bog
OR tundra
OR biosphere
OR desert
OR mountain
OR "natural resource"
OR estuary
OR fjord
OR fauna
OR flora
OR soil
OR "coastal waters"
OR wetland
OR freshwater
OR marshland
OR marches
OR dryland
OR seascape
OR landscape
OR coast
OR "arable land"
OR "agricultural land"
OR "natural environment"
OR "environmental resource"
OR agroforest
OR "agro-forest"
OR plantation
OR "protected areas"
OR chaparral
OR sustainable
OR environment
OR conservation
OR ecosystem
OR nature
OR planet
OR Earth
OR biosphere
OR ecological
OR "socio-ecological"
OR restoration
OR wildlife
OR landscape
OR species
OR bioeconomy
OR "resource system"
OR "coupled system"
OR nature )
AND
( (
(
(
transformation
OR transition
OR transformative
OR "transformative change"
)
OR (
(
shift
OR change
)
AND (
fundamental
OR deep
OR radical
)
)
)
AND (
socio
OR social
OR politics
OR political
OR governance
OR economic
OR cultural
OR system
OR technological
OR inner
OR personal
OR financial
OR business
)
)
OR (
(
"transformative change"
OR "deliberate transformation"
OR "transformative turn"
OR transition
OR "social-ecological change"
OR "deep change"
OR "fundamental alteration"
OR "profound change"
OR "profound transformation"
OR "radical transformation"
OR "transformational change"
OR "complete change"
OR "complete transformation"
OR "drastic change"
OR "in-depth transformation"
OR "progressive change"
OR "radical alteration"
OR "radical change"
OR "revolutionary change"
OR "significant modification"
OR "total transformation"
OR transition
OR pathway
OR power
OR agency
OR scale
OR leverage
OR context
OR process
OR regime
OR shift
OR views
OR value
OR structure
OR institution
OR deliberate
OR structural
OR fundamental
OR system
OR deep
OR radical
OR profound
OR drastic
OR widespread
OR political
OR economical
OR structur
OR complete
OR progressive
OR revolutionary
OR substantial
OR significant
)
AND (
transformation
OR alteration
OR change
OR turn
OR action
OR transition
OR shift
)
) )
Chapter 1
01
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#|cat(params$s_1_ch1_01)
(
root
OR underlying
OR indirect
)
AND (
driver
OR cause
)
02
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch1_02)
equity
OR inequity
OR just
OR unjust
OR inequality
OR equality
OR Fair
OR unfair
03
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch1_03)
scale
OR impact
OR leapfrog
OR transfer
04
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch1_04)
inclusive
OR participation
OR participatory
OR engagement
OR democratic
OR coproduct
OR transdisc
OR multiactor
OR "multi-actor"
OR integrat
05
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch1_05)
evaluate
OR reflex
OR reflect
OR monitor
OR adapt
OR learn
06
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch1_06)
responsib
OR accountable
OR rights
OR steward
OR reciprocity
OR interdependent
OR interdependency
OR (
relation
OR relational
OR plural
OR diverse
OR "sustainability-aligned"
OR (
care
AND (
value
OR ethic
)
)
)
Chapter 2
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch2)
vision
OR future
OR visionary
OR scenarios
OR imagination
OR imagery
OR creativity
OR desire
OR wish
OR visioning
OR process
OR "participaory process"
OR "deliberate process"
OR polics
OR target
OR view
OR value
OR cosmovision
OR cosmocentric
OR dream
OR fiction
OR hope
OR mission
OR objective
OR story
OR worldview
OR aspiration
OR action
OR plan
OR strategy
OR intention
OR model
OR solution
OR innovation
OR perspective
OR platform
OR collective action
OR cooperation
OR consultation
OR coalition
OR response
OR movement
OR effort
OR initiative
OR activity
OR reaction
OR performance
OR operation
OR effect
OR task
OR project
OR influence
OR moment
OR discourse
OR motivation
OR iteration
OR roadmap
OR agenda
OR project
OR programm
OR government
OR technique
OR inspiration
OR culture
OR universe
OR reality
OR fantasy
OR perception
OR visualization
OR approach
OR image
OR arquetype
OR existence
OR cosmology
OR co - production
OR knowledge
OR dialogue
OR transmission
OR conceptual
OR ceremony
OR relationships
OR respect
OR reciprocity
OR responsibilities
OR solidarity
OR harmony
OR self - determination
OR community
OR spiritual
OR languague
OR territory
OR opportunity
OR sight
OR foresight
OR idea
OR appearance
Chapter 3
01
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#|cat(params$s_1_ch3_01)
Technology
OR Science
OR "science-society"
OR "science-technology"
OR Solution
02
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#|cat(params$s_1_ch3_02)
"co-create"
OR "co-creation"
OR solution
OR knowledge
OR system
OR "t-lab"
OR "technology laboratory"
OR education
OR "socio-technical"
03
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch3_03)
System
OR pathways
OR connect
OR Agroecolog
OR Institutional
OR Institution
OR Government
04
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch3_04)
inner
OR Personal
OR Religion
OR Love
OR Loving
OR Feelings
OR Stewardship
OR Care
OR Beliefs
OR Belief
OR believe
OR Awareness
OR "Self-Awareness"
05
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch3_05)
Worldviews
OR Grassroot
OR "Community-based"
OR Indigenous
OR Leadership
OR "Critical Science"
OR Econfeminism
OR "Political Ecology"
OR Power
OR Agency
OR Environment
06
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch3_06)
Economic
OR "Political Economy"
OR institution
OR govern
OR economy
OR governance
OR government
OR globalization
OR states
OR colonial
OR colonialiasism
OR labour
OR organization
OR organisation
Chapter 4
01
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch4_01)
(
challenge
OR barrier
OR obstacle
OR hinder
OR hindrance
OR block
OR prevent
OR deter
OR inertia
OR "path dependence"
OR "path dependency"
OR stasis
OR "lock-in"
OR trap
OR habits
OR habitual
OR "status quo"
OR power
OR "limiting factOR"
)
AND (
economic inequality
OR "Wealth concentration"
OR "Socioeconomic inequality"
OR financialization
OR "uneven development"
OR Financialization
OR "Structural adjustment"
OR "Sovereign Debt"
OR inequality
OR "Policy effectiveness"
)
02
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch4_02)
(
challenge
OR barrier
OR obstacle
OR hinder
OR hindrance
OR block
OR prevent
OR deter
OR inertia
OR "path dependence"
OR "path dependency"
OR stasis
OR "lock-in"
OR trap
OR habits
OR habitual
OR status quo
OR power
OR "limiting factor"
)
AND (
"clean technology"
OR "clean innovation*"
OR "sustainable innovation"
OR "sustainable technological innovation"
)
AND (
"limited access"
OR "limited availability"
OR "lack of access"
OR "unavailability"
)
Art
Show the code
#|cat(params$st_art)
Painting OR
Sculpture OR
Photography OR
Drawing OR
Printmaking OR
Ceramics OR
Performance art OR
"Digital art" OR
Figurative OR
Contemporary OR
Gallery OR
Exhibition OR
"Art history" OR
"Fine arts" OR
"Art critique" OR
Collage OR
"Street art" OR
Portraiture OR
Minimalism OR
Surrealism OR
Expressionism OR
"Art therapy" OR
"Art education" OR
"Public art" OR
"Art collecting" OR
"Art fairs" OR
"Modern art" OR
Renaissance
Baroque OR
Impressionism OR
Cubism OR
Realism OR
"Art movements" OR
"Conceptual art" OR
"Art funding" OR
"Art workshops" OR
"Art communities" OR
"Art criticism" OR
"Eco art" OR
"Folk art" OR
Muralism OR
"Art residence"
Media
Show the code
#|cat(params$st_media)
Journalism OR
Broadcasting OR
"Social media" OR
"Digital media" OR
Multimedia OR
News OR
Film OR
Television OR
Radio OR
"Mass communication" OR
"Media ethics" OR
"Public relations" OR
"Media studies" OR
"Media literacy" OR
"Media production" OR
Newspapers OR
Magazines OR
"Media law" OR
"Media platforms" OR
"Media technology" OR
"Cultural media" OR
"Mobile media" OR
Documentary OR
Webcasting OR
"Live streaming" OR
Vlogs OR
"Media campaigns" OR
"Digital storytelling" OR
"Media management" OR
"Media psychology" OR
"Media convergence" OR
"Media networking" OR
"Influencer marketing" OR
"Data journalism" OR
"Media activism" OR
"Citizen journalism" OR
Press OR
"News outlets" OR
"Media outlets"
Strategies and Options
In contrast to the other search term, this opne contains multiple sets of search terms
Show the code
#|cat(params$sts_strategies_options)
# 1) Conserve and regenerate places of value to nature and people ## Conservation of "territories of life" "Biocultural conservation" OR "Bottom-up environmental initiative" OR "Community-based management" OR "Community-led conservation" OR "Community protocol" OR "Community quota" OR "Convivial conservation" OR "Comanagement" OR "Farmers market" OR "Indigenous and Community Conserved Area" OR "Indigenous-led conservation" OR "Legal pluralism" OR "Multi-functional landscape" OR "Other effective area-based conservation measure" OR "Recreation area" OR "Sacred grove" OR "Sacred site" OR "Stewardship" OR "Territories of life" OR "Tribal park" ## Right-based approaches "Access and benefit sharing" OR "Community rights" OR "Ecocide" OR "Food sovereignty" OR "Free prior and informed consent" OR "Human rights" OR "Indigenous and local language" OR "Intellectual property rights" OR "Civil and Political Rights" OR "Economic Social and Cultural Rights" OR "International Human Rights" OR "International Labour Organization Convention" OR "Land sovereignty" OR "Land tenure" OR "Legal empowerment" OR "Nature rights" OR "Rights of nature" OR "Right to water" OR "Tenure rights" OR "Rights of Indigenous Peoples" OR "Indigenous Peoples rights" ## Environmental conservation and protection "Biosphere reserve" OR "Blue park" OR "Environmental impact assessment" OR "Ethical space" OR "Forest conservation" OR "Forest Reserve" OR "Habitat Conservation Plan" OR "High sea conservation" OR "High seas conservation" OR "Invasive Species Regulation" OR "Marine managed area" OR "Marine park" OR "Marine protected area" OR "Marine reserve" OR "Marine resource area" OR "National biodiversity strategy and action plan" OR "National park" OR "Nature reserve" OR "Private reserve" OR "Protected area" OR "Remedial action" OR "Transboundary protected area" OR "Wild species protection" OR "Wildlife reserve" ## Environmental management and monitoring "Coastal governance" OR "Coastal management" OR "Coastal monitoring" OR "Environmental monitoring" OR "Environmental remote sensing" OR "Fish monitoring" OR "Forest monitoring" OR "Integrated coastal zone management" OR "Integrated landscape management" OR "Invasive alien species management" OR "Land monitoring" OR "Marine and coastal governance" OR "Marine governance" OR "Marine mammal monitoring" OR "Marine monitoring" OR "Ocean monitoring" OR "Sustainable land management" OR "Sustainable wildlife management" OR "Species monitoring" OR "Transboundary water management" OR "Waste management" OR "Watershed management" ## Spatial planning "Buffer zone" OR "Coastal planning" OR "Development control regulation" OR "Environmental spatial analysis" OR "Infrastructure planning" OR "Land law" OR "Land use permit" OR "Land use planning" OR "Marine spatial planning" OR "Master plan" OR "Ocean planning" OR "Participatory planning" OR "Spatial planning" OR "Strategic environmental assessment" ## Regeneration and restoration "Biodiversity restoration" OR "Connectivity restoration" OR "Ecosystem restoration" OR "Ecological restoration" OR "Forest restoration" OR "Habitat restoration" OR "Species reintroduction" OR "Landscape restoration" OR "Regenerative agriculture" OR "Regenerative farming" OR "Rewilding" OR "Soil restoration" OR "Restoration ecology" OR "Regeneration" OR "Regenerative system" OR "Ecological regeneration" # 2) Drive systemic change in the sectors most responsible for natures decline ## Regulation of resource extraction "Capping resource use" OR "Consumption fee" OR "Consumption regulation" OR "Cross-compliance" OR "Emission caps" OR "Habitat protection" OR "Land use regulation" OR "Land acquisition regulation" OR "Licensing and permitting" OR "Logging regulation" OR "Pollution control" OR "Process regulation" OR "Resource extraction regulation" OR "Regulatory measure" OR "Resource capping" OR "Sustainable public procurement" OR "Territorial use-rights for fisheries" OR "Trade regulation" OR "Wildlife trade regulation" OR "Zoning regulation" ## Innovative economic instruments forconservation "Biodiversity compensation" OR "Biodiversity conservation banking" OR "Cap and Trade" OR "Cap and share" OR "Corporate Social Responsibility" OR "Environmental Mitigation" OR "Internalization of externalities" OR "Market-based financing mechanism" OR "No net loss" OR "Payment for ecosystem services" OR "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation" OR "Remediation" OR "Subsidy reform" OR "True cost pricing" OR "Zero deforestation" ## Standards certification and supply chain initiatives "Certification" OR "Collaborative supply chain initiative" OR "Commodity chain regulation" OR "Consumer demand for transparency" OR "Corporate disclosure" OR "Eco Labeling" OR "Fair Trade Certification" OR "Forest Stewardship Council Certification" OR "Sustainable seafood initiative" OR "Green branding" OR "Guideline" OR "ISO Standard" OR "Labeling" OR "LEED Certification" OR "Mandatory reporting requirement" OR "Marine Stewardship Council Certification" OR "Non-GMO Project Verification" OR "Organic Certification" OR "Participatory Guarantee System" OR "Production standards" OR "Standard" OR "Sustainable sourcing" OR "Third-party auditing" OR "Third-party verification" OR "Seafood watch" ## Nature finance "Biodiversity finance" OR "Climate finance" OR "Conservation finance" OR "Conservation funding" OR "Conservation philanthropy" OR "Conservation trust fund" OR "Debt-for-nature swap" OR "Direct funding to community" OR "Ecological finance" OR "Environmental finance" OR "Environmental harmful subsidies" OR "Nature-dependent economic activity" OR "Nature finance" OR "Lost and damage" OR "Ocean finance" OR "Public funding for conservation" OR "Public-private partnership" ## Community activism and advocacy "Boycott" OR "Collective action network" OR "Community garden" OR "Environmental action group" OR "Environmental defender" OR "Environmental lawsuit" OR "Environmental mobilization" OR "Environmental social movement" OR "Formal petition" OR "Hunger strike" OR "Land occupation" OR "Media-based activism" OR "Name and shame" OR "Non-cooperation" OR "Non-violent protest" OR "Persuasion" OR "Public campaign" OR "Road blockade" OR "Social movement" OR "Strike" OR "Street protest" OR "Transition town" OR "Urban gardening" OR "Zero waste" ## Technology-based solutions "Biofuel" OR "Biomass energy production" OR "Biomimetic" OR "Climate-smart agriculture" OR "Coordinated transport" OR "Coordinated heating" OR "Digital agriculture" OR "Energy sharing platform" OR "Fuel-efficient vehicle" OR "Geothermal energy" OR "Green building material" OR "Green technology" OR "Hybrid vehicle" OR "Minigrid" OR "Microgrid" OR "Replacement fertilizer" OR "Renewable energy" OR "Smart technologies" OR "Solar panel" OR "Solar photovoltaic system" OR "Wind turbine" ## Green infrastructure "Access to urban service" OR "Biofilter" OR "Bioswale" OR "Blue-green corridor" OR "Constructed wetland" OR "Energy efficient building" OR "Floodplain restoration" OR "Green architecture" OR "Green infrastructure" OR "Green logistics" OR "Green roof" OR "Green street" OR "Green wall" OR "Living shoreline" OR "Multi-purpose structure" OR "Nature-based solution" OR "Permeable pavement" OR "Public transport" OR "Rain garden" OR "Riparian buffer" OR "Sustainable drainage system" OR "Sustainable infrastructure" OR "Urban agriculture space" OR "Urban forest" OR "Urban park" OR "Vegetated swale" OR "Water infrastructure" # 3) Transform economic systems for nature and equity ## Alternative measures of wellbeing "Ecological Footprint" OR "Genuine Progress Indicator" OR "Green GDP" OR "Gross National Happiness" OR "Happy Planet Index" OR "Human Development Index" OR "Inclusive Wealth Index" OR "Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare" OR "Inequality index" OR "Real wealth" OR "Social Progress Index" OR "Wellbeing budget" ## Financial system reform "Biodiversity offset" OR "Carbon credit" OR "Commodity future" OR "Central bank reform" OR "Debt relief" OR "Debt service suspension" OR "Derivative trading" OR "Ecological fiscal transfer" OR "Environmental Tax" OR "Environmental impact bonds" OR "Green subsidy" OR "Green public procurement" OR "Global exchange price" OR "International Monetary Fund reform" OR "Financial reform" OR "Progressive taxation" OR "Tax haven" OR "Regulate inequalities" OR "Sustainable finance" OR "Tradable permit" OR "Trade ban" OR "Tobin tax" OR "Universal basic income" OR "Wealth tax" OR "World Trade Organization reform" ## Alternative economic models "Alternative business" OR "Alternative economic" OR "B-Corp" OR "Bioeconomy" OR "Business for Nature" OR "Caring economy" OR "Circular economy" OR "Circular bioeconomy" OR "Commoning" OR "Cradle-to-Cradle" OR "Degrowth" OR "Doughnut Economics" OR "Economic of Biodiversity" OR "Ecological economics" OR "Ecosystem accounting" OR "Mainstreaming biodiversity" OR "Nature positive economy" OR "Natural capital accounting" OR "Nature-related financial disclosure" OR "Not-for-profit economy" OR "Regenerative business" OR "Relocalize" OR "Sharing economy" OR "Steady state economy" OR "System of Environmental Economic Accounting" OR "Wellbeing Economics" ## Sustainable consumption "Collaborative Consumption" OR "Consumption reduction" OR "Dietary transition" OR "Ethical consumerism" OR "Food Cooperative" OR "Food waste reduction" OR "Frugal consumption" OR "Green consumption" OR "Lifestyle change" OR "Localized food system" OR "Low-impact diet" OR "Minimalist lifestyle" OR "Plant-based diet" OR "Reduce consumption" OR "Recycle" OR "Responsible consumption" OR "Reuse" OR "Shared consumption" OR "Shared ownership" OR "Simple living" OR "Sustainable consumption" OR "Sustainable use" OR "Sustainable practices" OR "Tax on consumption" ## Sustainable production "Agri-Environmental and Climate Measure" OR "Agroecology" OR "Agroforestry" OR "Biological agriculture" OR "Best practice in production" OR "Carbon farming" OR "Climate-smart agriculture" OR "Community-supported Agriculture" OR "Conservation tillage" OR "Crop diversification" OR "Downscale production" OR "Holistic planned grazing" OR "Organic agriculture" OR "Reduced impact logging" OR "Responsible production" OR "Sustainable agricultural intensification" OR "Sustainable aquaculture" OR "Sustainable design" OR "Sustainable fishing" OR "Sustainable production" OR "Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries" OR "Swidden agriculture" # 4) Transform governance systems to be inclusive accountable and adaptive ## Integrated governance "Cross-sectoral coordination" OR "Ecosystem-based management" OR "Environmental advocacy" OR "Institutional arrangement" OR "Institutional entrepreneurship" OR "Institutional reform" OR "Integrated assessment" OR "Integrated governance" OR "Multilevel governance" OR "Policy coordination" OR "Strategic planning" OR "Visioning" ## Inclusive governance "Bottom-up governance" OR "Citizen assembly" OR "Citizen Science Initiative" OR "Community Meeting" OR "Community-Based Participatory Research" OR "Deliberative Democracy Process" OR "Environmental public interest litigation" OR "Environmental Law" OR "Gender inclusive governance" OR "Gender-responsive governance" OR "Global action network" OR "Indigenous peoples and local communities participation" OR "Multi-stakeholder platform" OR "Participatory evaluation and learning" OR "Participatory restoration" OR "Participatory decision-making" OR "Policy co-creation" OR "Policy co-design" OR "Public Consultation and Hearing" OR "Public participation" OR "Resource Management Law" OR "Stakeholder engagement" ## Multilateral action "Aichi Biodiversity Target" OR "Basel Convention" OR "Cartagena Protocol" OR "Convention on Biological Diversity" OR "Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species" OR "Convention on Migratory Species" OR "Convention to Combat Desertification" OR "EU Green Deal" OR "International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships" OR "International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture" OR "Kyoto Protocol" OR "Minamata Convention" OR "Montreal Protocol" OR "Multilateral agreement" OR "Nagoya Protocol" OR "Paris Agreement" OR "Ramsar Convention" OR "Rio Declaration" OR "Stockholm Convention" OR "Sustainable Development Goal" ## Adaptive governance "Accountability" OR "Adaptive governance" OR "Adaptive management framework" OR "Advocacy network" OR "Conflict resolution" OR "Deliberative democracy" OR "Deep democracy" OR "Flexible regulation" OR "Informed governance" OR "Iterative decision making" OR "Iterative planning" OR "Local governance structure" OR "Monitoring evaluation and learning" OR "Open government initiative" OR "Policy monitoring" OR "Planning monitoring and evaluation" OR "Reflexive governance" OR "Risk assessment" OR "Transparency and accountability" ## Transparent governance "Access to environmental information" OR "Anti-corruption measures" OR "Anti-discrimination law" OR "Convention against Corruption" OR "Conflict of interest regulation" OR "Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive" OR "Decentralization law" OR "Disclosure of financial information" OR "Equitable access to justice" OR "Financial disclosure" OR "Freedom of information law" OR "Institutional independence" OR "Judicial independence" OR "Lobbying reform" OR "Lobbying regulation" OR "Measures against corruption" OR "Press freedom" OR "Ombudsman" OR "Open data" OR "Transparency" OR "Transparent governance" OR "Whistleblower protection law" ## Customary governance "Community cooperation" OR "Customary institution" OR "Customary law" OR "Customary norm" OR "Customary tenure" OR "Indigenous governance" OR "Indigenous jurisdiction" OR "Intergenerational knowledge transmission" OR "Resource stewardship" # 5) Shift underlying societal norms philosophies and goals ## Narrative and discourse change "Awareness campaign" OR "Behavioral nudge" OR "Choice architecture" OR "Community dialogue" OR "Cultural narrative" OR "Cultural transformation" OR "Environmental discourse" OR "Environmental narrative" OR "Environmental perspective" OR "Green discourse" OR "Green narrative" OR "Green perspective" OR "Mass media campaign" OR "Marketing campaign" OR "Normative feedback" OR "Nudging" OR "Peer-to-peer communication" OR "Regenerative culture" OR "Storytelling initiative" OR "Unitive narrative" OR "Youth empowerment program" ## Transformative learning "Adult learning" OR "Capacity building" OR "Capacity development" OR "Cultural exchange program" OR "Cultural revitalization" OR "Environmental curriculum" OR "Environmental education" OR "Experiential learning" OR "Experiential teaching" OR "Imagination infrastructure" OR "Indigenous education" OR "Inner capacity" OR "Practical learning" OR "Sacred teaching" OR "Social learning" OR "Solution space" OR "Transformation lab" OR "Transformative learning" OR "Transformational learning" OR "Unitive education" ## Knowledge co-creation "Art-science collaboration" OR "Co-creative inquiry" OR "Co-creation of knowledge" OR "Co-design" OR "Collaborative knowledge production" OR "Collaborative research and learning" OR "Collective knowledge generation" OR "Interfaith collaboration" OR "Interfaith dialogue" OR "Joint knowledge development" OR "Jointly constructed knowledge" OR "Knowledge co-creation" OR "Knowledge co-design" OR "Multiple evidence-based approach" OR "Participatory knowledge creation" OR "Participatory research and development" OR "Weaving knowledge" ## Value change "Balanced relation" OR "Biophilia" OR "Caring for nature" OR "Community health" OR "Connection with nature" OR "Cultural pluralism" OR "Cultural revitalization" OR "Eco-centrism" OR "Ecohealth" OR "Environmental connection" OR "Environmental stewardship" OR "Harmony with nature" OR "Holistic worldview" OR "Human-nature connection" OR "Human-nature relation" OR "Inner development" OR "Inner transformation" OR "Intrinsic value" OR "Indigenous worldview" OR "One health" OR "Planetary health" OR "Planetary wellbeing" OR "Personal transformation" OR "Relationality" OR "Relational values" OR "Respect for Diversity" OR "Spiritual connection" OR "Unitive vision" OR "Utilitarian value" ## Collaboration and networking "Boundary organization" OR "Boundary spanner" OR "Change agent" OR "Civic engagement initiative" OR "Collaborative initiative" OR "Community bond" OR "Community network" OR "Community solidarity" OR "Broker" OR "Facilitator" OR "Indigenous peoples network" OR "Innovation broker" OR "Intermediary" OR "Knowledge network" OR "Learning network" OR "Middle actor" OR "Multi-stakeholder platform" OR "Partnership network" OR "Policy network" OR "Respectful partnership" OR "Technology network" OR "Transition intermediary"
Chapter 5
Vision
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_ch5_vision)
Case
Show the code
#|cat(params$s_1_case)
( biodiversity
OR marine
OR terrestrial
OR forest
OR woodland
OR grassland
OR savanna
OR shrubland
OR peatland
OR ecosystem
OR lake
OR river
OR sea
OR ocean
OR meadow
OR heathland
OR mires
OR bog
OR tundra
OR biosphere
OR desert
OR mountain
OR "natural resource"
OR estuary
OR fjord
OR fauna
OR flora
OR soil
OR "coastal waters"
OR wetland
OR freshwater
OR marshland
OR marches
OR dryland
OR seascape
OR landscape
OR coast
OR "arable land"
OR "agricultural land"
OR "natural environment"
OR "environmental resource"
OR agroforest
OR "agro-forest"
OR plantation
OR "protected areas"
OR chaparral
OR sustainable
OR environment
OR conservation
OR ecosystem
OR nature
OR planet
OR Earth
OR biosphere
OR ecological
OR "socio-ecological"
OR restoration
OR wildlife
OR landscape
OR species
OR bioeconomy
OR "resource system"
OR "coupled system"
OR nature )
AND
( (
(
(
transformation
OR transition
OR transformative
OR "transformative change"
)
OR (
(
shift
OR change
)
AND (
fundamental
OR deep
OR radical
)
)
)
AND (
socio
OR social
OR politics
OR political
OR governance
OR economic
OR cultural
OR system
OR technological
OR inner
OR personal
OR financial
OR business
)
)
OR (
(
"transformative change"
OR "deliberate transformation"
OR "transformative turn"
OR transition
OR "social-ecological change"
OR "deep change"
OR "fundamental alteration"
OR "profound change"
OR "profound transformation"
OR "radical transformation"
OR "transformational change"
OR "complete change"
OR "complete transformation"
OR "drastic change"
OR "in-depth transformation"
OR "progressive change"
OR "radical alteration"
OR "radical change"
OR "revolutionary change"
OR "significant modification"
OR "total transformation"
OR transition
OR pathway
OR power
OR agency
OR scale
OR leverage
OR context
OR process
OR regime
OR shift
OR views
OR value
OR structure
OR institution
OR deliberate
OR structural
OR fundamental
OR system
OR deep
OR radical
OR profound
OR drastic
OR widespread
OR political
OR economical
OR structur
OR complete
OR progressive
OR revolutionary
OR substantial
OR significant
)
AND (
transformation
OR alteration
OR change
OR turn
OR action
OR transition
OR shift
)
) )
AND
( "case study"
AND (
"field work"
OR "concrete case"
OR empirical
OR "real world example"
OR observational
OR practical
OR experimental
OR "in depth"
OR "real life case"
OR ethnography
OR "specific study"
OR "illustrative example"
) )
Vision & Case
Topics
OpenAlex assigns topics to each work in a hirarchical manner:
Please see here for more information and here for a complete list of all topics and their corresponding subfields, fields and domains.
Methods
Get and calculate Data from OpenAlex
These data is gathered from OpenAlex directly, not using the downloaded TCA Corpus. The data is used to assess the quality of the TCA Corpus.
The corpus download will be stored in data/pages and the arrow database in data/corpus.
This is not on github!
The corpus can be read by running get_corpus() which o[pens the database so that then it can be fed into a dplyr pipeline. After most dplyr functions, the actual data needs to be collected via collect().
Only then is the actual data read!
Needs to be enabled by setting eval: true in the code block below.
The Sectors definition is based on the subfields assigned to each work by OpenAlex. These were grouped by experts into sectors. See this Google Doc for details.
#|if (!dir.exists(params$corpus_authors_dir)) { con <- duckdb::dbConnect(duckdb::duckdb(), read_only =FALSE)corpus_read(params$corpus_dir) |> arrow::to_duckdb(table_name ="corpus", con = con) |>invisible()paste0("CREATE VIEW corpus_unnest AS ","SELECT ","corpus.id AS work_id, ","corpus.publication_year AS publication_year, ","UNNEST(author).au_id AS au_id, ","UNNEST(author).au_display_name AS au_display_name, ","UNNEST(author).au_orcid AS au_orcid, ","UNNEST(author).author_position AS author_position, ","UNNEST(author).is_corresponding AS is_corresponding, ","UNNEST(author).au_affiliation_raw AS au_affiliation_raw, ","UNNEST(author).institution_id AS institution_id, ","UNNEST(author).institution_display_name AS institution_display_name, ","UNNEST(author).institution_ror AS institution_ror, ","UNNEST(author).institution_country_code AS institution_country_code, ","UNNEST(author).institution_type AS institution_type, ","UNNEST(author).institution_lineage AS institution_lineage ","FROM ","corpus " ) |>dbExecute(conn = con)paste0("COPY ( ","SELECT * FROM corpus_unnest ",") TO '", params$corpus_authors_dir, "' ","(FORMAT PARQUET, COMPRESSION 'SNAPPY', PARTITION_BY 'publication_year')" ) |>dbExecute(conn = con) duckdb::dbDisconnect(con, shutdown =TRUE)}
Here we show the number of hits for the key papers in the different individual corpi. The columns represent the different search terms as defined in Section 2.2.
Each column is a different search term, and each row consists of the key papers of a specific chapter and the author who provided the key papers. The number is the number of key papers occurring in the Individual Corpus.
These are the languages of the abstract and title. Articles with multiple languages will be counted not accurate. Also, as this is the language of the abstract / title, it might not be the language of the full text.
The red line is the cumulative proportion of publications, the blue line the cumulative proportion of all of the Op[enAlex corpus. Both use the secondeary (red) axis.
Warning in instance$preRenderHook(instance): It seems your data is too big for
client-side DataTables. You may consider server-side processing:
https://rstudio.github.io/DT/server.html
Strategies/Options/Instruments for transformative change
The file strategies_options.md contains the terms for the different strategies and options.
I will now iterate through all of them and identify the number of hits per individual search term. This can be used as a result in itself in interpreting the importance of each term as well as to shorten the search term to be able to use it together with the TCA search term.
#|# data from OpernAlex vie count# strategies_options_corpus <- readRDS(file.path("data", "tca_corpus", "strategies_options.rds"))# data from corporastrategies_options <-readRDS(file.path("data", "tca_corpus", "strategies_options_corpus.rds"))data <-lapply(names(strategies_options),function(strategy) {data.frame(Strategy =strsplit(strategy, " \\|\\|\\| ")[[1]][1],Concept =strsplit(strategy, " \\|\\|\\| ")[[1]][2],Count = strategies_options[[strategy]]$count,Count_until_1992 =sum(strategies_options[[strategy]]$years$count[strategies_options[[strategy]]$years$publication_year <=1992]),Count_after_1992 =sum(strategies_options[[strategy]]$years$count[strategies_options[[strategy]]$years$publication_year >1992]) ) }) |>do.call(what = rbind)data |> IPBES.R::table_dt(fn ="strategies_options_corpus_counts",fixedColumns =list(leftColumns =2) )
Plot of the Count of the Strategies / Options split at 1992
This data is corrected for different research oputput before and after 1992 by dividing by the overall reasarch output in that perio as reflected on OpenAlex.
The file actors.md contains the terms for the different actors.
I will now iterate through all of them and identify the number of hits per individual search term. This can be used as a result in itself in interpreting the importance of each term as well as to shorten the search term to be able to use it together with the TCA search term.
#|# data from OpernAlex vie count# actors <- readRDS(file.path("data", "tca_corpus", "actors.rds"))# data from corporaactors <-readRDS(file.path("data", "tca_corpus", "actors_corpus.rds"))lapply(names(actors),function(actor) {data.frame(Actor = actor,Year = actors[[actor]]$years$publication_year,Count = actors[[actor]]$years$count ) }) |>do.call(what = rbind) |> IPBES.R::table_dt(fn ="actors_counts_per_year",fixedColumns =list(leftColumns =2) )
Plot of the Count of the Actors split at 1992
This data is corrected for different research oputput before and after 1992 by dividing by the overall reasarch output in that perio as reflected on OpenAlex.
Show the code
#|figname <-file.path("figures", "tca_corpus", "actors_time_split")figs <-list.files(path =dirname(figname),pattern =basename(figname),recursive =TRUE) |>length()if (figs <4) {# data from OpernAlex vie count# actors <- readRDS(file.path("data", "tca_corpus", "actors.rds"))# data from corpora actors <-readRDS(file.path("data", "tca_corpus", "actors_corpus.rds")) oa <- openalexR::oa_fetch(search ="",group_by ="publication_year",output ="dataframe",verbose =FALSE ) oa_until_1992 <-sum(oa$count[oa$key <=1992]) oa_after_1992 <-sum(oa$count[oa$key >1992]) data <-lapply(names(actors),function(actor) {data.frame(Actor = actor,Count = actors[[actor]]$count,Count_until_1992 =sum(actors[[actor]]$years$count[actors[[actor]]$years$publication_year <=1992]),Count_after_1992 =sum(actors[[actor]]$years$count[actors[[actor]]$years$publication_year >1992]) ) } ) |>do.call(what = rbind) |> dplyr::mutate(Count_until_1992 = Count_until_1992 / oa_until_1992,Count_after_1992 = Count_after_1992 / oa_after_1992, ) |> dplyr::group_by( Actor ) |> dplyr::mutate(Count_until_1992_p = Count_until_1992 /sum(Count_until_1992 + Count_after_1992),Count_after_1992_p = Count_after_1992 /sum(Count_until_1992 + Count_after_1992) ) figure <- data |> tidyr::pivot_longer(cols =c(Count_until_1992, Count_after_1992),names_to ="Period",values_to ="Count_year" ) |># Create the plotggplot(aes(x = Actor, y = Count_year, fill = Period)) +geom_bar(stat ="identity") +theme(axis.text.x =element_text(angle =90, vjust =0.5, hjust =1)) +labs(x ="Actors", y ="Count", fill ="Period") ggplot2::ggsave(paste0(figname, ".pdf"),width =12,height =18, figure ) ggplot2::ggsave(paste0(figname, ".png"),width =12,height =18, figure ) figure <- data |> tidyr::pivot_longer(cols =c(Count_until_1992_p, Count_after_1992_p),names_to ="Period",values_to ="Count_p_year" ) |># Create the plotggplot(aes(x = Actor, y = Count_p_year, fill = Period)) +geom_bar(stat ="identity") +theme(axis.text.x =element_text(angle =90, vjust =0.5, hjust =1)) +labs(x ="Actor", y ="Count", fill ="Period") ggplot2::ggsave(paste0(figname, "_p.pdf"),width =12,height =18, figure ) ggplot2::ggsave(paste0(figname, "_p.png"),width =12,height =18, figure )}
The graph shows the by overall research output corrected publications before and after 1992 for each Actor
@report{krug2024,
author = {Krug, Rainer M.},
title = {Data {Management} {Report} {Transformative} {Change}
{Assessment} {Corpus} - {SOD}},
date = {2024-05-16},
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.10251349},
langid = {en},
abstract = {The literature search for the assessment corpus was
conducted using search terms provided by the experts and refined in
co-operation with the Knowldge and Data task force. The search was
conducted using {[}OpenAlex{]}(https://openalex.org), scripted from
{[}R{]}(https://cran.r-project.org) to use the
{[}API{]}(https://docs.openalex.org). Search terms for the following
searches were defined: **Transformative Change**, **Nature /
Environment** and **additional search terms for individual chapters
and sub-chapters** To assess the quality of the corpus, sets of
key-papers were selected by the experts to verify if these are in
the corpus. These key-papers were selected per chapter / sub-chapter
to ensure that the corpus is representative of each chapter.}
}
For attribution, please cite this work as:
Krug, Rainer M. 2024. “Data Management Report Transformative
Change Assessment Corpus - SOD.”Report Transformative Change
Assessment Corpus. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10251349.
